The Republic of Ghana is located in the West Africa, bordering Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and Togo to the east. The Gulf Of Guinea borders the nation in the south. Ghana was previously famous as the Gold Coast for the huge stock of gold. Accra is the capital of Ghana. Ghana’s Lake Volta is the largest artificial lake of the world.
HISTORY:- The region was named after the medieval Ghana Empire of Western Africa. The region was governed by Sundiata until 1240. Ghana was the center of many civilizations. The Akan peoples founded a major civilization in the 13th century. The next big empire is Ashanti Empire in the 18th century. It was the most developed empire in the region. The country was famous as the Gold Coast, because the Portuguese explored plenty of gold from the region in the 15th century. Following the footsteps of the Portuguese, the British reached in the Gold coast in 1553, the Dutch in 1595, and the Swedes in 1640. In 1901 British efforts to establish a control over the region was resisted by the Ashanti Empire. British Togoland was included into Ghana in 1956. Ghana proclaimed its republic on 1st July 1960. Kwame Nkrumah became the first President of Ghana. In 1966, he was dethroned in a military coup. Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings became the President. Multi-party system was introduced in 1992, banning the 1981 constitution. Jerry Rawlings was elected President in a fair election in the same year.
GEOGRAPHY:- Ghana is located at 8 00 N, 2 00 W in the western Africa. The total area of Ghana is 239,460 sq km (land: 230,940 sq km; water: 8,520 sq km). The coastline is 539 km long along with the Gulf of Guinea. The lowest point is Atlantic Ocean (0 m) and the highest point is Mount Afadjato (880 m). Ghana is formed of mostly low plains with disjoined plateau in the south-central region.
CLIMATE:- The climate of Ghana is mainly tropical. The southeast coasts are warm and comparatively dry. The southwest region is hot and humid. The northern region is hot and dry.
GOVERNMENT:- Ghana is a Constitutional presidential republic. The constitution was approved 28th April 1992. The legal system is based on the English common law and the customary law. The three major branches of the government are:
Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state, head of government), the Vice President, and the cabinet. The President and the Vice President are elected by a popular vote on the same ticket on a 4 year term. The cabinet ministers are approved by the Parliament on the nomination of the President.
Legislative branch comprises the unicameral Parliament (230 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court.
New Patriotic Party, National Democratic Congress, Convention People's Party, People's National Convention are the prominent political parties of Ghana. The suffrage is universal at the age of 18.
Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state, head of government), the Vice President, and the cabinet. The President and the Vice President are elected by a popular vote on the same ticket on a 4 year term. The cabinet ministers are approved by the Parliament on the nomination of the President.
Legislative branch comprises the unicameral Parliament (230 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court.
New Patriotic Party, National Democratic Congress, Convention People's Party, People's National Convention are the prominent political parties of Ghana. The suffrage is universal at the age of 18.
President John Agyekum Kufuor
Vice-President Alhaji Aliu Mahama
Vice-President Alhaji Aliu Mahama
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Ghana is divided into 10 regions. These regions are further sub-divided into 138 districts.
The regions are: Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta and Western.
The regions are: Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta and Western.
CULTURE:- Ghanaian cuisine has been characterized with a huge diversity. Each tribal group has a special colour and flavour in the cuisine. The general dishes are made of a starchy portion of rice, fufu, banku, tuo, gigi, akplidzii, yekeyeke, etew, ato etc, coupled with sauce or soup saturated with fish, snails, meat or mushrooms. Football is the most famous sport of Ghana.
ECONOMY:- The economy of Ghana is highly dependent on financial and technical assistance of foreign countries. Gold and cocoa production earns the major portion of foreign currency. Ghana is rich in natural resources.
GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $31.23 billion; per capita $1,400.
Real growth rate: 6.2%.
Inflation: 11%.
Unemployment: 11% (2000 est.).
Arable land: 18%.
Agriculture: Cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava peanuts, corn, shea-nuts, bananas; timber.
Budget:
Revenues: $4.262 billion
Expenditures: $5.481 billion (2007 est.)
Revenues: $4.262 billion
Expenditures: $5.481 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt: 48.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
Debt - external: $4.898 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Labor force: 11.29 million (2007 est.); agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.).
Industries: Mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building.
Natural resources: Gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone.
Exports: $4.194 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds.
Imports: $8.073 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs.
Major trading partners: Netherlands, UK, France, U.S., Belgium, Spain, South Africa, Nigeria, China (2006).
Monetary unit: Cedi
LANGUAGE:- English id the official language.
Asante 14.8%
Ewe 12.7%
Fante 9.9%
Boron (Brong) 4.6%
Dagomba 4.3%
Dangme 4.3%
Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%
Akyem 3.4%
Ga 3.4%
Akuapem 2.9%
Other 36.1%
(2000)
Asante 14.8%
Ewe 12.7%
Fante 9.9%
Boron (Brong) 4.6%
Dagomba 4.3%
Dangme 4.3%
Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%
Akyem 3.4%
Ga 3.4%
Akuapem 2.9%
Other 36.1%
(2000)
CITIES:- The capital Accra is the largest city. Other large cities are Kumasi, Tema, and Sekondi-Takoradi.
POPULATION:- The estimated population is 22,931,299 with a growth rate of 2.0%.
Density per sq mi: 258
Literacy rate: 75% (2003 est.)
Density per sq mi: 258
Literacy rate: 75% (2003 est.)
RACE:-
Akan 45.3%
Mole-Dagbon 15.2%
Ewe 11.7%
Ga-Dangme 7.3%
Guan 4%
Gurma 3.6%
Grusi 2.6%
Mande-Busanga 1%
Other tribes 1.4%
Other 7.8%
(2000)
Akan 45.3%
Mole-Dagbon 15.2%
Ewe 11.7%
Ga-Dangme 7.3%
Guan 4%
Gurma 3.6%
Grusi 2.6%
Mande-Busanga 1%
Other tribes 1.4%
Other 7.8%
(2000)
RELIGION:-
Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%)
Muslim 15.9%
Traditional 8.5%
Other 0.7%
None 6.1%
(2000)
Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%)
Muslim 15.9%
Traditional 8.5%
Other 0.7%
None 6.1%
(2000)
HEALTH:-
Birth rate: 29.22 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 52.31 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.49 years
Total fertility rate: 3.78 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 30,000 (2003 est.)
Birth rate: 29.22 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 52.31 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.49 years
Total fertility rate: 3.78 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 30,000 (2003 est.)
UNICEF:- UNICEF with the assistance of the government and NGOs works consistently to improve girls’ enrolments in schools in 15 Ghanaian districts where the gender parity is comparatively low. With the help of UNICEF, 78% of the population is drinking pure water and 60.7% population is using improved sanitation. UNICEF distributed 1.5 million long-lasting insecticide treated nets for infants, vitamin A to under 5 children and to lactating women, de-worming treatments to 2-5 year old children and 3 million supplemental polio vaccines to under 5 children. The ‘Integrated Nutrition Action Against Malnutrition project’ in the upper west region of the nation aims to provide 138 metric tons of instant foods amongst 2,000 children. UNICEF helps in the worm eradication project of Ghana.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 953 km (2006).
Highways: total: 42,623 km; paved: 3,267 km; unpaved: 39,356 km (2004).
Waterways: 1,293 km (2003).
Ports and harbors: Takoradi, Tema.
Airports: 12 (2007).
Railways: total: 953 km (2006).
Highways: total: 42,623 km; paved: 3,267 km; unpaved: 39,356 km (2004).
Waterways: 1,293 km (2003).
Ports and harbors: Takoradi, Tema.
Airports: 12 (2007).
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